Years Of Destruction
In 1009, the grandly titled Muslim caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, bringing the years of devastation to a close. The church was then allowed to be rebuilt by Al-uncle, Hakim’s Caliph Ali az-Zahir, in a welcome display of religious tolerance.
Byzantine Empire
Despite the Byzantine Empire’s best efforts, the church’s reconstruction was slow, and by the end of the 11th century, nothing had been accomplished. Sections of the holy site were nothing more than piles of rubble for Christians who made the pilgrimage to Christ’s tomb. The Crusades followed.